ἐν καιρῷ

Καιρός

due measure: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

Καιρός

due measure: masc dat sg

καιρός

due measure: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

καιρόω

row of thrums: pres subj act 1st sg

καιρόω

row of thrums: pres ind act 1st sg

καιρός

due measure: masc dat sg

Βλ. λ. Καιρώ

Βλ. λ. Καιρώ

Βλ. λ. καιρώ

Βλ. λ. καιρώ

καῖρος

row of thrums: masc nom /voc /acc dual

καῖρος

row of thrums: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

καιρόω

row of thrums: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

καιρόω

row of thrums: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

καῖρος

row of thrums: masc dat sg

Βλ. λ. καίρω

καίρῳ, καῖρος

row of thrums: masc dat sg

καιρός, οῦ, ὁ (Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① a point of time or period of time, time, period, freq. with implication of being esp. fit for someth. and without emphasis on precise chronology

ⓐ gener. (cp. Just., D. 32, 4 τὸν γὰρ καιρὸν [Da 7:26] ἑκατὸν ἔτη ἐξηγεῖσθε λέγεσθαι) κ. δεκτός a welcome time 2 Cor 6:2a (Is 49:8); cp. vs. 2b. καιροὶ χαλεποί difficult times 2 Ti 3:1. In ref. to times of crisis for the state λοιμικοῦ καιροῦ 1 Cl 55:1 (s. JFischer ad loc. note 322) καιροὶ καρποφόροι fruitful times or seasons (so Achmes 156, 15f: καρποφόρος is the καιρός in which the tree bears fruit, in contrast to late autumn, when there is no more) Ac 14:17 (OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f proposes, on the basis of Mod. Gk., the mng., ‘weather’, but the pl. is against this mng.). καιροὶ ἐαρινοί 1 Cl 20:9.—ἔσται καιρὸς ὅτε there will come a time when 2 Ti 4:3; εἰς τίνα ἢ ποῖον κ. to what time or what sort of time (some, e.g. NRSV, interpret τίνα=the person, but cp. PTebt 25, 18 [117 B.C.] καὶ διὰ τίνος καὶ ἀπὸ ποίου ἐπιδείγματος; s. ποῖος 1aα, also ποτατός) 1 Pt 1:11. ἄχρι καιροῦ until (another) time, for a while Lk 4:13; Ac 13:11; ἐν καιρῷ ὀλίγῳ in a little time 1 Cl 23:4; ἐν παντὶ κ. at all times, always (Aristot. 117a, 35; Sir 26:4) Lk 21:36; Eph 6:18; Hm 5, 2, 3. κατὰ καιρόν from time to time, regularly (TestJob 36:4; Lucian, Hermot. 10; Plut., Mor. 984d) J 5:4 (s. 2 also); 1 Cl 24:2; GJs 3:3; πρὸς κ. for a limited time (perh. also for the present moment; cp. Strabo 6, 2, 3; Ps.-Plut., Fluv. 23; BGU 265, 20 [II A.D.]; 618, 19; 780, 14; Wsd 4:4; Philo, Post. Cai. 121; Jos., Bell. 6, 190; Tat. 13, 1) Lk 8:13; 1 Cor 7:5. πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας (a combination of πρὸς κ. and πρὸς ὥραν [2 Cor 7:8; Gal 2:5; Phlm 15; J 5:35]) for a short time (cp. our ‘for a short space of time’) 1 Th 2:17.

ⓑ a moment or period as especially appropriate the right, proper, favorable time ἐν καιρῷ at the right time (X., An. 3, 1, 39; Diod S 36, 7, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 8 §29; SIG 1268 [Praecepta Delphica II, 6; III B.C.]) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42 (cp. on both Ps 103:27, w. v.l.). καιρῷ (Thu. 4, 59, 3 v.l.; Diog. L. 1, 41) Lk 20:10 (v.l. ἐν κ.). τῷ καιρῷ Mk 12:2. ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμός, ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος the proper time for me (you) J 7:6, 8 (Eunap., Vi. Iambl. p. 459 Didot: the worker of miracles acts ὅταν καιρὸς ᾖ). νῦν κ. ταῦτα ὑμᾶς μαθεῖν οὐκ ἔστιν now is not the time for you to learn this AcPl Ha 1, 26 (Just., D. 8, 1 ἃ νῦν κ. οὐκ ἔστι λέγειν al.).—καιρὸν λαβεῖν find a favorable time, seize the opportunity (Lysias, C. Agor. 6; Cleanthes [III B.C.]: Stoic. I no. 573; Diod S 2, 6, 5; EpArist 248; Jos., Bell. 1, 527, Ant. 4, 10; cp. PTebt 332, 9). καιρὸν μεταλαβεῖν (s. μεταλαμβάνω 2) Ac 24:25. λαβεῖν κ. εὔθετον find a convenient opportunity Pol 13:1. κ. ἔχειν have opportunity (Thu. 1, 42, 3; Pla., Ep. 7, 324b; Plut., Lucull. 501 [16, 4]; PFlor 259, 3; 1 Macc 15:34; Jos., Ant. 16, 73; 335; Ath., R. 23 p. 77, 6; Did., Gen. 112, 10) Gal 6:10; Hb 11:15; 2 Cl 16:1; ISm 9:1; IRo 2:1. ὀλίγον καιρὸν ἔχειν Rv 12:12. ἐξαγοράζεσθαι τὸν κ. make the most of the opportunity Col 4:5; Eph 5:16 (s. ἐξαγοράζω 2). On Ro 12:11 v.l. s. δουλεύω 2aβ and b. κατὰ κ. Ro 5:6 is more naturally construed with ἀπέθανεν than with ἀσεβῶν (cp. κατὰ καιρὸν θεριζόμενος reaped in its proper time Job 5:26).—The concept of the appropriate time oft. blends with that of

② a defined period for an event. definite, fixed time. Abs. καιροί festal seasons (Ex 23:14, 17; Lev 23:4.—So perh. also beside θυσίαι in the Ins de Sinuri ed. LRobert ’45 no. 42) Gal 4:10 (κ. w. ἡμέρα as Polyaenus 8, 23, 17). τὰς τῶν καιρῶν ἀλλαγὰς καταδιαιρεῖν … ἃ μὲν εἰς ἑορτάς, ἃς δὲ εἰς πένθη to set up periods of fasting and mourning in accord with changes in seasons Dg 4:5.—Not infreq. w. a gen., which indicates the reason why the time is set apart (Pla., Leg. 4, 709c χειμῶνος καιρός; Aesop, Fab. 258 P.=255 H-H./206 Ch. ἀπολογίας κ., also oft. LXX; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 191 κ. εὐφροσύνης; Jos., Ant. 18, 74; Tat. 36, 1 κατʼ ἐκεῖνον αὐτὸν … τὸν τοῦ πολέμου κ.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 27 κ. τῆς παρουσίας; Did., Gen. 175, 2 κ. τοῦ ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν) κ. θερισμοῦ time of harvest Mt 13:30 (JosAs 2:19). κ. τῶν καρπῶν time when the fruit is ripe 21:34; cp. vs. 41. κ. σύκων time when the figs are ripe Mk 11:13 (ParJer 5:31; cp. Horapollo 2, 92 ὁ κ. τῶν ἀμπέλων). κ. μετανοίας time for repentance 2 Cl 8:2. κ. πειρασμοῦ Lk 8:13b. ὁ κ. τῆς ἀναλύσεως the time of death 2 Ti 4:6. κ. ἐπισκοπῆς σου Lk 19:44. κ. διορθώσεως Hb 9:10. κ. ἡλικίας 11:11. κ. τῆς ἡγεμονίας Ποντίου Πιλάτου the time of the procuratorship of P. P. IMg 11. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου at the time of martyrdom EpilMosq 2 (cp. Mel., HE 4, 26, 3 ᾧ Σάγαρις καιρῷ ἐμαρτύρησεν). ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ καιρῷ (Num 9:7) 2 Th 2:6. ὁ κ. αὐτῶν the time set for the fulfillment of Gabriel’s words Lk 1:20; cp. Dg 11:5 (s. διαγγέλλω 2). ὁ κ. μου my time=the time of my death Mt 26:18. κ. τοῦ ἰαθῆναι time to be healed 2 Cl 9:7. κ. τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα 1 Pt 4:17; cp. the extraordinary ἦλθεν ὁ κ. τῶν νεκρῶν κριθῆναι καὶ δοῦναι = ἵνα κριθῶσιν οἱ νεκροὶ καὶ δῷς Rv 11:18.—Pl. (Num 9:3 κατὰ καιρούς; Tob 14:4 S πάντα συμβήσεται τοῖς καιροῖς αὐτῶν; Heraclit. Sto. 11 p. 18, 18=the periods of time between; Maximus Tyr. 1, 2f πολλοὶ κ.; TestNapht 7:1 δεῖ ταῦτα πληρωθῆναι κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς αὐτῶν; Ar. 4, 2 κατὰ καιρούς) καιροὶ ἐθνῶν times of the Gentiles (in which they may inflict harm on God’s people or themselves be converted) Lk 21:24.—κατὰ καιρόν at the appropriate time (Arrian, Anab. 4, 5, 1; PSI 433, 4 [261 B.C.]; Just., A I, 19, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3) J 5:4; 1 Cl 56:15 (Job 5:26). Also ἐν καιρῷ (Himerius, Or 13 [Ecl. 14], 3): ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ B 11:6, 8 (Ps 1:3). καιρῷ ἰδίῳ in due time Gal 6:9. Pl. καιροῖς ἰδίοις at the right time 1 Ti 2:6; 6:15; Tit 1:3; cp. 1 Cl 20:4 (Just., D. 131, 4 πρὸ τῶν ἰδίων κ.).—κατὰ τὸν ἴδιον καιρόν vs. 10.—πεπλήρωται ὁ κ. the time (determined by God) is fulfilled Mk 1:15. Pl. (cp. Ps 103:19) ὁρίσας προστεταγμένους καιρούς he (God) has determined allotted times (MDibelius, SBHeidAk ’38/39, 2. Abh. p. 6f, ‘seasons’; cp. 1QM 10, 12–15; FMussner, Einige Parallelen [Qumran and Areopagus speech], BZ 1, ’57, 125–30) Ac 17:26; cp. κατὰ καιροὺς τεταγμένους 1 Cl 40:1; ὡρισμένοις καιροῖς καὶ ὥραις vs. 2; τοῖς προστεταγμένοις κ. vs. 4.

③ a period characterized by some aspect of special crisis, time

ⓐ gener.: the present (time) Ro 13:11; 12:11 v.l. ὁ καιρός (i.e. the crisis involving Christians) ἀπαιτεῖ σε the times call upon you IPol 2:3 (Diod S 17, 27, 2 ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν προεκλήθησαν=they were called out by the [critical circumstances of the] times). Also ὁ νῦν κ. (PSI 402, 7 [III B.C.] ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ) Ro 3:26; 8:18; 11:5; 2 Cor 8:14; B 4:1. κ. ὁ νῦν τῆς ἀνομίας the present godless time 18:2 (s. also b below). ὁ κ. ὁ ἐνεστηκώς (Polyb. 1, 60, 9; Jos., Ant. 16, 162) Hb 9:9; ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ κ. at that time, then (Gen 21:22; Is 38:1; τῷ κ. ἐκείνῳ TestSol D 8, 2) Mt 11:25; 12:1; 14:1; cp. Eph 2:12. Also κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν κ. (Jos., Ant. 1, 171, Vi. 49; GJs 10:2.—Diod S 2, 27, 1 and Vi. Aesopi G 81 P. κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς καιρούς=at that time. Cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 10.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. ἔτι κατὰ καιρὸν ὑπὲρ ἀσεβῶν for those who at that time were still godless Ro 5:6, though κατὰ κ. here prob.=at the right time, as in mng. 1b above (s. B-D-F §255, 3). τῷ τότε τῆς ἀδικίας καιρῷ … τὸν νῦν τῆς δικαιοσύνης Dg 9:1; cp. 9:2. Of the future κατὰ τ. καιρὸν τοῦτον at this time Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10, 14). Cp. EpilMosq 2 in 2 above. ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ κ. just at that time (2 Esdr 5:3) Lk 13:1. W. attraction of the relative ἐν ᾧ κ. at that time, then Ac 7:20. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ὸ̔ν καὶ πέρυσι at the same time as in the year preceding Hv 2, 1, 1.

ⓑ One of the chief terms relating to the endtime: ὁ καιρός the time of crisis, the last times (FBusch, Z. Verständnis d. synopt. Eschatol. Mk 13 neu untersucht ’38; GDelling, D. Zeitverständn. des NTs ’40; WMichaelis, D. Herr verzieht nicht d. Verheissung ’42; WKümmel, Verheissung. u. Erfüllung ’45,³ ’56; OCullmann, Christus u. d. Zeit ’46 [tr. FFilson, Christ and Time ’50, 39–45; 79; 121]) ὁ κ. ἤγγικεν Lk 21:8. ὁ κ. ἐγγύς Rv 1:3; 22:10. οὐκ οἴδατε πότε ὁ καιρός ἐστιν Mk 13:33. Cp. Ro 13:11 (s. 3a above) if it is to be interpreted as eschatological (cp. Plut., Mor. 549f). πρὸ καιροῦ before the endtime and the judgment Mt 8:29; 1 Cor 4:5. ἐν καιρῷ 1 Pt 5:6. Also ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ 1:5; D 16:2. Pl. πλήρωμα τῶν καιρῶν Eph 1:10. ἐπηρώτων … περὶ τῶν καιρῶν, εἰ ἤδη συντέλειά ἐστιν Hv 3, 8, 9. τὰ σημεῖα τ. καιρῶν the signs of the (Messianic) times Mt 16:3. τοὺς καιροὺς καταμάνθανε learn to understand the times IPol 3:2 (s. WBauer, Hdb. Suppl. vol. ad loc.) The Messianic times described as καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως Ac 3:20.—ἔσχατοι καιροί (or ὕστεροι καιροί 1 Ti 4:1) come before the ἔσχατος κ. IEph 11:1 (cp. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων κ. AcPl Ha 8, 26 [restoration is certain=Ox 1601, 40/BMM recto 34]); χρόνοι ἢ καιροί times and seasons (cp. Iren. 1, 17, 2 [Harv. I 168, 9] and καιρῶν κατὰ χρόνους ἀλλαγή Theoph. Ant. 1, 6 [p. 70, 1]; Artem. 4, 2 p. 203, 25f the χρόνος is divided into καιροὶ καὶ ὧραι), which must be completed before the final consummation Ac 1:7 (Straton of Lamps. in FWehrli, Die Schule des Aristoteles, V Fgm. 10, 32f κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς καὶ τοὺς χρόνους; quoted in JBarr, Biblical Words for Time, ’62, 33; see also Diog. L. 5, 64); cp. 1 Th 5:1. συντέμνειν τοὺς καιρούς shorten the (last) times B 4:3. Sim. in sg. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν 1 Cor 7:29.—The expr. καιρὸν καὶ καιροὺς κ. ἥμισυ καιροῦ also belongs to the eschatol. vocab.; it means the apocalyptic time of 1 + 2 + ½ = 3½ years, during which acc. to Da 12:7 (cp. 7:25) a tyrranical enemy of God and God’s people is to reign on earth Rv 12:14 (in imagery of a serpentine monster, δράκων)—ὁ κ. οὗτος the present age (cp. αἰών 2a) Mk 10:30; Lk 12:56; 18:30. Also ὁ νῦν κ. B 4:1. As ruled by the devil: ὁ ἄνομος κ. 4:9. καταργεῖν τὸν κ. τοῦ ἀνόμου destroy the age of the lawless one 15:5. The soul seeks και[ρο]ῦ χρόνου αἰ̣ῶ̣νος ἀνάπαυσιν ἐ̣[ν] σιγῇ peace in silence, at the time of the aeon crisis GMary 463, 1.—On Dg 12:9 s. the editions of vGebh.-Harnack and Bihlmeyer.—JMánek, NTS 6, ’59, 45–51; JBarr, Biblical Words for Time, ’62.—B. 954. Schmidt, Syn. II 54–72. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

καιρός, ὁ,

A due measure, proportion, fitness (not in Hom.), καιρὸς δ' ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἄριστος (which became a prov.) Hes.Op. 694, Thgn. 401;

κ. παντὸς ἔχει κορυφάν Pi.P.9.78

;

κ. Χάριτος A.Ag. 787

(anap.) (cf.

ὑποκάμπτω 11

); εἰ ὁ κ. ἦν σαφής the distinction, the point, E.Hipp. 386; ἡ ἀπορία ἔχει τινὰ κ. has some point or importance, Arist. Metaph. 1043b25; καιροῦ πέρα beyond measure, unduly, A.Pr. 507;

μείζων τοῦ κ. γαστήρ X.Smp.2.19

;

καιροῦ μεῖζον E.Fr. 626

codd.; προσωτέρω or πορρωτέρω τοῦ κ., X.An.4.3.34, HG7.5.13; ὀξύτερα τοῦ κ. Pl.Plt. 307b; νωθεστέρα τοῦ κ. ib. 310e; ὑπερβάλλων τῇ φιλοτιμίᾳ τὸν κ. Plu.Ages.8, cf. Hp.Loc.Hom.44.

II of Place, vital part of the body (cf.

καίριος 1

),

ἐς καιρὸν τυπείς E.Andr. 1120

.

III more freq. of Time, exact or critical time, season, opportunity, Χρόνου κ. S.El. 1292: usu. alone, κ. [ ἐστιν] ἐν ᾧ Χρόνος οὐ πολὺς κτλ. Hp. Praec.<*>, cf. Chrysipp. et Archig. ap. Daremberg Notices etextr. des MSS. médicaux 1p.200;

κ. ὀξύς Hp.Aph.1.1

; κ. πρὸς ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει 'time and tide wait for no man', Pi.P.4.286; κ. ὄλβου, = καίριος ὄλβος, Id.N.7.58; δηλοῦν, ὅ τι περ δύναται κ. Ar.Ec. 576 codd. (sed leg. δύνασαι) ; τίνα κ. τοῦ παρόντος βελτίω ζητεῖτε; D.3.16; κ. δόσιος for giving, Hp.Acut.20; κ. τοῦ ποτισμοῦ, τῆς τρύγης, BGU1003.12 (iii B. C.), PStrassb.1.8 (V A. D.);

τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κ. προγινόμενα Plb.6.32.3

; καιρὸν παριέναι to let the time go by, Th.4.27 (so in pl.,

τοὺς κ. παριέναι Pl.R. 374c

;

τοὺς κ. ὑφαιρεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.66

);

κ. τῶν πραγμάτων τοῖς ἐναντίοις καθυφιέναι καὶ προδοῦναι D.19.6

; καιροῦ ([etym.] τοῦ κ.)

τυχεῖν E.Hec. 593

, Pl.Lg. 687a, Men.Mon. 281;

καιρὸν εἰληφέναι Lys.13.6

(but

καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε Th.2.34

; cf.

καιροῦ διδόντος Lib.Or.45.7

);

καιροῦ λαβέσθαι Luc.Tim.13

;

καιρὸν ἁρπάσαι Plu.Phil.15

;

κ. τηρεῖν Arist.Rh. 1382b11

;

καιρῷ Χρήσασθαι Plu.Pyrrh.7

; καιρῷ Χειμῶνος ξυλλαβέσθαι co-operate with the occurrence of a storm, Pl.Lg. 709c; ἔχει κ. τι it happens in season, Th.1.42, etc.; κ. ἔχειν τοῦ εὖ οἰκεῖν to be the chief cause of.., Pl.R. 421a;

ὑμέας καιρός ἐστι προβοηθῆσαι Hdt.8.144

, cf. A.Pr. 523, etc.;

νῦν κ. ἔρδειν S.El. 1368

: sts. c. Art.,

ἀλλ' ἔσθ' ὁ κ... ξένους.. τυγχάνειν τὰ πρόσφορα A.Ch. 710

;

ὁ κ. ἐστι μὴ μέλλειν ἔτι Ar. Th. 661

, cf.Pl. 255.

b adverbial phrases, ἐς καιρόν in season, Hdt. 7.144, E.Tr. 744, etc.;

ἐς κ. ἐπείγεσθαι Hdt.4.139

; ἐς αὐτὸν κ. S.Aj. 1168; εἰς δέοντα κ. Men.Sam. 294;

ἐν καιρῷ A.Pr. 381

, Th.4.59, etc.;

ἐν κ. τινί Pl.Cri. 44a

;

ἐπὶ καιροῦ D.19.258

, 20.90, etc.;

κατὰ καιρόν Pi.I.2.22

;

ὥς οἱ κατὰ κ. ἦν Hdt.1.30

(but also οἱ κατὰ κ. ἡγεμόνες in office at the time, BGU15.10 (ii A. D.), etc.); παρὰ τῷ ἐντυχόντι αἰεὶ καὶ λόγου καὶ ἔργου κ. Th.2.43;

πρὸς καιρόν S.Aj.38

, Tr.59, etc.;

σὺν καιρῷ Plb.2.38.7

: without Preps.,

καιρῷ S.OT 1516

; καιρόν, abs., S.Aj.34, E.Fr.495.9 (in [comp] Comp. form καιρότερον, Achae.49); κ. γὰρ οὐδὲν ἦλθες E Hel.479; opp. ἀπὸ καιροῦ out of season, Pl.Tht. 187e;

ἄνευ καιροῦ Id.Ep. 339d

;

παρὰ καιρόν Pi.O.8.24

, E.IA8co (lyr.), Pl. Plt. 277a; πρὸ καιροῦ prematurely, A.Ag. 365 (anap.); ἐπὶ καιροῦ also means on the spur of the moment,

ἐπὶ κ. λέγειν Plu.Dem.8

, cf. Art.5;

ἐξενεγκεῖν πόλεμον Id.Ant.6

.

2 season, πᾶσιν καιροῖς at all seasons of the year, IG14.1018, cf. LXX Ge.1.14, Ph.1.13, Porph. ap. Eus.PE3.11; κ. ἔτους, later Gr. for [dialect] Att. ὥρα ἔτους, acc. to Moer.424; time of day, Philostr.VA6.14.

b critical times, periodic states,

καιροὶ σωμάτων Arist.Pol. 1335a41

.

3 generally, time, period,

κατὰ τὸν κ. τοῦτον Plb.27.1.7

;

κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ Conon 3

, al.: more freq. in pl., κατὰ τούτους τοὺς κ. Arist.Ath.23.2, al., cf. Plb.2.39.1; τὰ κατὰ καιρούς chronological sequence of events, Id.5.33.5; ἐν τοῖς πάλαι, ἐντοῖς μεταξὺ κ., Phld.Rh.1.28,363 S.

4 in pl., οἱ καιροί the times, i. e. the state of affairs, freq. in bad sense, ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις κ. at the most critical times, X.HG6.5.33, cf. D.20.44;

περιστάντων τῇ πόλει κ. δυσκόλων IG22.682.33

, etc.: also in sg., X.An.3.1.44, D.17.9; ὁ ἔσχατος κ. extreme danger, Plb.29.27.12, etc.;

καιρῷ δουλεύειν AP9.441

(Pall.).

IV advantage, profit, τινος of or from a thing, Pi.O.2.54, P.1.57; εἴ τοι ἐς κ. ἔσται ταῦτα τελεόμενα to his advantage, Hdt.1.206; ἐπὶ σῷ κ. S.Ph. 151 (lyr.); τίνα κ. με διδάσκεις; A.Supp. 1060 (lyr.); τί σοι καιρὸς.. καταλείβειν; what avails it..? E.Andr. 131 (lyr.); τίνος εἵνεκα καιροῦ; D.23.182; οὗ κ. εἴη where it was convenient or advantageous, Th.4.54; ᾗ κ. ἦν ib.90; Χωρίον μετὰ μεγίστων κ. οἰκειοῦταί τε καὶ πολεμοῦται with the greatest odds, the most critical results, Id.1.36.

V Pythag. name for seven, Theol.Ar. 44.

καιρός (-ός, -οῦ, -ῷ, -όν.)

δουλεύω fut. δουλεύσω; 1 aor. ἐδούλευσα; pf. δεδούλευκα J 8:33, ptc. δεδουλευκώς 2 Cl 17:7 (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; the basic diff. between master and slave is stated Aeschyl., Pr. 927).

① to be owned by another, be a slave, be subjected

ⓐ lit., of Hagar and Jerusalem Gal 4:25. τινί to someone (Jos., Ant. 4, 115.—C. Ap. 2, 128 the Egyptians claim τὸ μηδενὶ δουλεῦσαι. Likew. in Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 67 §286 the Rhodians are proud ἕνεκα τύχης ἐς τὸ νῦν ἀδουλώτου; Diod S 5, 15, 3 the Iolaës of Sardinia have maintained their freedom ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα … μέχρι τοῦ νῦν; in 5, 15, 4 even the Carthaginians οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν [αὐτοὺς] … καταδουλώσασθαι) J 8:33; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Ro 9:12; B 13:2 (both Gen 25:23; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 275); 13:5 (Gen 48:19 altered after 25:23); 1 Cl 31:4 (Jacob by Laban [Gen 29:15, 20]; cp. Just., D. 134, 3).

ⓑ in imagery: of a change in masters Ro 7:6.

② to act or conduct oneself as one in total service to another, perform the duties of a slave, serve, obey.

ⓐ be in service to personal beings

α. to humans, w. dat. of pers. (PHal 1, 219 [III B.C.] ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεὺς τῷ Ἀλεξανδρεῖ μὴ δουλευέτω) Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13; 2 Cl 6:1 (on being a slave to more than one master s. Billerb. on Mt 6:24; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 203 II, 13f; 206, 16ff). τοσαῦτα ἔτη δ. σοι I have slaved for you so many years Lk 15:29, a statement about toil rather than actual status (cp. Gen 31:41). Abs. ἐν καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ 2 Cl 11:1; μᾶλλον δ. let them be all the better slaves 1 Ti 6:2; πλέον δ. IPol 4:3. On Eph 6:7, see β. Fig., of loving service ἀλλήλοις Gal 5:13. δίκαιον εὖ δουλεύοντα πόλλοις 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11).

β. to transcendent beings, esp. in expressions relating to God or Jesus Christ as recipients of undivided allegiance, for, as indicated in α, a slave can take orders from only one master δ. τῷ θεῷ serve God, where God is thought of as κύριος, and a human as δοῦλος (Eur., Or. 418; Ex 23:33; Philo, Cher. 107, Somn. 2, 100; Jos., Ant. 7, 367; 8, 257; SibOr 3, 740; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 8, 17; cp. τοῖ κτισθεῖσιν ἀντὶ θεοῦ 3, 15, 17): Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13 (on both cp. Sextus 574 οὐκ ἔστιν ἅμα δουλεύειν ἡδονῇ κ. θεῷ); 1 Th 1:9; 2 Cl 11:1; 17:7; Pol 2:1 (Ps 2:11); 6:3; MPol 9:3; Hm 8:6; 12, 6, 2; Hs 4:2; Dg 2:5 τῷ δημιουργῷ; 1 Cl 26:1. τῷ Χριστῷ Ro 14:18; cp. 16:18; Col 3:24; abs. μετʼ εὐνοίας δ. render service (to your masters) w. good will Eph 6:7 (through wordplay Jesus Christ, as κύριος, is here viewed as the ultimate recipient of the slave’s service); τῷ κυρίῳ (Judg 2:7; 1 Km 7:4; 12:20) Ac 20:19; Ro 12:11 (v.l. τῷ καιρῷ.—δ. τῷ καιρῷ means ‘accommodate oneself to the occasion’ [Plut., Arat. 1047 [43, 2]; Pallad.: Anth. Pal. 9, 441; Procop. Soph., Ep. 113 H. δουλεύειν τῇ χρείᾳ καὶ πείθεσθαι τῷ καιρῷ. The contrast is with πράττειν ὅσα τις βούλεται, or Herodas 2, 9f: ζῶμεν οὐχ ὡς βουλόμεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἡμέας ὁ καιρὸς ἕλκει], and can have the unfavorable connotation ‘be an opportunist’; for this reason it is expressly rejected for this pass. by Athanas., Origen-Rufinus, and Jerome, but they may be interested in sanitizing the text. S. Ltzm. ad loc.); Hv 4, 2, 5; Hs 1:7; 4:5ff; 6, 3, 6; 8, 6, 2; the Holy Spirit 5, 6, 5; 7; elements or elemental spirits Gal 4:9, cp. vs. 8 (in a relig. sense also PGM 13, 72 κύριε, δουλεύω ὑπὸ τὸν σὸν κόσμον τῷ σῷ ἀγγέλῳ; lesser divinities [δαίμονες] Just., D. 83, 4; Tat. 17, 3).

ⓑ to things, by fig. ext. of mng. in a: Be a slave to sin Ro 6:6; the law (Orig., C. Cels. 5, 6, 28) 7:25; desire Hm 12, 2, 5; Tit 3:3 (X., Mem. 1, 5, 5, Apol. 16; Pla., Phdr. 238e ἡδονῇ; Polyb. 18, 15, 16; Herodian 1, 17, 9; Philo, Cher. 71; Jos., Ant. 15, 91 δ. ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις; Iren., 1, 6, 3 [Harv. I 56, 2]); the virtues Hv 3, 8, 8; m 12, 3, 1; faith m 9:12; τῇ κοιλίᾳ the belly, i.e. appetite (γαστρί X., Mem. 1, 6, 8; Anth. 11, 410, 4; cp. Ath. 31, 2) Ro 16:18. εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον serve in the gospel Phil 2:22. For Ro 12:11 v.l. καιρῷ s. 2aβ.—M-M. TW.

-οῦ ⁺ ὁ N 2 55-61-70-167-134=487 Gn 1,14; 6,13; 17,21.23.26

time Gn 17,21; opportunity 1 Sm 20,12; occasion Ex 8,28; season Gn 1,14; time of prosperity Nm 14,9;

οἱ καιροί the times, the difficulties 1 Chr 29,30

εἰς καιρόν in season, seasonably Sir 40,23; πρὸς καιρόν for a time Eccl 10,17; κατὰ καιρόν in time Nm 23,23; ἐπὶ καιροῦ in (his) time Dt 28,12; πρὸ καιροῦ before time, ahead of time Sir 51,30; εἰς καιρούς at set times Ezr 10,14; ἦλθον εἰς ὥραν καὶ καιρόν they came for a season and a time, they came for an appointed season Est 10,3h; ἀπὸ καιροῦ εἰς καιρόν from time to time 1 Chr 9,25; ἐν καιρῷ ἑνί at one time 1 Chr 11,11; ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ at the present time Gn 29,34; κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then (of the future) Gn 18,10; κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time (of the past) 2 Mc 3,5; ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἐξοδίας τῶν βασιλέων time of kings going out (to war) 2 Sm 11,1; ἐν τοῖς καιροῖς in those critical times (mostly in neg. sense) Dn 11,14; μιᾶς ὑπὸ καιρὸν ἡμέρας within the space of one day 2 Mc 7,20; πολλοὶ καιροὶ διῆλθον a long time passed 1 Mc 12,10; ὅταν λάβω καιρόν when I shall seize the opportunity, when I shall take the occasion Ps 74(75),3; ὅτι καιρὸν ὑμεῖς ἐξαγοράζετε for you (are trying to) gain time for yourselves Dn 2,8; καιρὸς παντὸς ἀνθρώπου ἥκει the time of every man has come before me Gn 6,13

*Is 50,4 ἐν καιρῷ in season-ְלֵעת for MT תוָּלע to sustain; *Ez 22,4 καιρόν time-עת for MT עד to, see also Ez 22,30

cpr. χρόνος

Cf. BARR 1969, 21-85; BURNS 1953, 20-22; DORIVAL 1994 55.58.318; EYNIKEL-HAUSPIE 1997, 369-385;

GUILLAMAUD 1988, 359-371; HARL 1986a, 130.188; HARLÉ 1988, 188; LE BOULLUEC 1989 157.237;

LEE, J. 1983, 83; ROST 1967, 129-132; SHIPP 1979, 290-292; TRÉDÉ 1984, xi-xvi; WEVERS 1990 130;

1993 8.240; WILSON 1980, 177-204; →TWNT

ἐπισχεδι-άζω,

A say or do offhand, τῷ καιρῷ make a suitable impromptu, Philostr.VS1.2:— [voice] Pass.,

- ασμένα πάντα τῷ καιρῷ Id.Gym.54

.

θερισμός, οῦ, ὁ (s. θερίζω; X., Oec. 18, 3; Polyb. 5, 95, 5; PLille 1 verso, 9 [III B.C.]; PHib 90, 5; BGU 594, 5; LXX; JosAs 2:19 καιρὸς … θερισμοῦ; EpArist 116; Philo, Somn. 2, 23)

① the process (and time) of harvesting, harvest. ἕως τ. θερισμοῦ Mt 13:30a. ἐν καιρῷ τ. θερισμοῦ vs. 30b (cp. Jer 27:16 ἐν καιρῷ θ.); Mk 4:29. In these parables, θερισμός serves to explain procedures in the reign of God, as Mt 13:39 plainly shows. Harvest-time as background for discussion of the apostolic mission and approaching judgment J 4:35a (s. 2b).

② crop to be harvested, harvest fig. extension of mng. 1

ⓐ of persons to be won Mt 9:37f; Lk 10:2. In J 4:35b the evangelist may be combining an agricultural observation with a statement about the apostolic mission πρὸς θερισμόν in pass. sense of undergoing a reaping.

ⓑ of the approaching judgment ἐξηράνθη ὁ θ. τῆς γῆς the earth’s harvest is dry (=fully ripe) Rv 14:15.—DELG s.v. θέρομαι 2. M-M. TW.

Καιρῷ, Καιρός

due measure: masc dat sg

Καιρῷ, Καιρός

due measure: masc dat sg

καιρῷ, καιρός

due measure: masc dat sg

καιρῷ, καιρός

due measure: masc dat sg